It also examines plantation forestry as the governments strategy for replenishing the countrys lumber resources. The fate of a tropical rainforest in nigeria 119 table 1. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross. Diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species as. They are mahoganies, walnuts, irokos, oil palms, rubber trees, and obeche trees. The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the sahara desert, locally known as harmattan, or by its main name, the tropical continental ct airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south. Tree species diversity analysis of kogo forest reserve in northwestern nigeria bello, a. Basel mission archives mission 21 missionsstrasse 21 ch4003 basel switzerland tel. In cross river state, the government had banned logging for over five years due to carbon credit economy on green economy yet the daily loss of primary forest is unprecedented. The high forests is the main sources of logs in nigeria as cited by kio in 1983. Assessing the impacts of tenure practices on forest. The forest consists of a mixture of open woodland and sections of very dense vegetation of short trees about two metres high and thorny. Encroachment into forest reserve actually started around late 1970s and since then the government had been trying to stem its trend. This research was carried out to determine the tree species composition, relative density and dominance, richness.
Therefore, the focus of this research work is to assess the diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species in different forest ecosystems mangrove, rainforest, and derived savannah of ondo state. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. Pdf forestry for sustainable development in nigeria. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in. As indicated in table 1, eight countries accounting for about 16% of the land area of africa has nearly 43% of the total african forests. A pathway for rural poverty reduction in nigeria paul onuche department of geography benue state university, makurdi, nigeria email. The relationships between fortysix samples of nigerian high forest were assessed by principal components analysis of preexploitation enumeration data. In order to examine the effects of forest resources exploitation on the economic wellbeing of rural households, in delta state, nigeria, data were collected from 306 households in 12 rural communities in ughelli south local government area. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem. The sambisa forest is one of the few forests in north eastern nigeria where sparse vegetation is the norm. The problems of deforestation in nigerias national parks and forest reserves.
Deforestation and greening the nigerian environment. Types of forest found in nigeria and name information. Unfortunately the few protected areas mainly forest reserves in this ecoregion. Among the forest products, timber is regarded as the major forest product in nigeria. Plantation forestry and forest conservation in nigeria. Edumanom forest reserve, located in niger delta region of southeast nigeria. Three communities surrounding each forest reserve at a radius of about 5 km were randomly selected and 20.
Oct 23, 2011 isa forest reserver, located in sw nigeria, covering 142 km oba hills forest reserve, located in osun state of nigeria. Pdf the forests of taraba and adamawa states, nigeria. In early 1990s, government opened part of oluwa forest reserve for interested persons for cultivation. Nigeria is the most populous country in africa and has highly diverse forest ecosystems.
Nigeria is one of the countries in the west africa subregion. The results showed that income from forest resources exploitation contributed 41. Tree species composition in selected sacred forests in nigeria. Kolade adeyoju department of forestry, university of ibadan the forest resources of nigeria abstract forestry offers challenging prospects, both for economic growth and social development. Logging effects on nontimber forest products nftps. Department of forestry and wildlife, faculty of agriculture, university of benin, benin city, nigeria. Oluwa forest reserve is located in southwestern nigeria. Between 1990 and 2010, nigeria lost an average of 409,650 ha or 2. Forestry for sustainable development in nigeria 14 depend on importation of wood and wood products, plunging the country in to imbalance trade depleting the nations foreign reserve. Often, however, its manysided developmental role is appreciated insufficiently. Diversity of fruit trees and frugivores in a nigerian montane forest and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma, j. Over the years, there has being deliberation over the way forest are becoming residential area and bushes are fast becoming roads and hospital all because. This study was carried out to assess the abundance and diversity of tree species and arthropods in different forest vegetation types mangrove, rainforest and derived savannah of ondo state, nigeria. In 2016, forest area as a share of land area for nigeria was 7.
On the other hand, central africa with 44% of the land under forests is the most forested subregion. Human population densities everywhere are extremely high, and little or no natural vegetation remains in most areas. This group of products includes all biological materials other. Study area this study was carried out in ondo state, which is one of the states in the defunct western state of nigeria. The okwangwo division the focus of this paper is km 2 in extent, comprising the former boshi, okwangwo and boshi extension forest reserves. The iita forest reserve is one of the few remaining forested areas in western nigeria. On the heels of president muhammadu buhari ratifying the paris agreement on climate change last week, the world bank has charged nigeria to protect its remaining rainforest in cross river state.
There are also more specific types of forests within these larger regions. Consisting of two divisions, oban in the south and okwangwo in the north, it covers a total area of approximately 4000 km 2. Thus, this paper set as its objectives, to assess the impact of population pressure on the forest stock of gelegele reserve. Nigerias forests can be divided into two principal categories. Forest vegetation have trees as their most dominant feature. Therefore, in areas of forest vegetation, you are bound to find the trees in almost every corner.
Collectively they contain an abundant diversity of fauna like buffaloes, roan antelopes, chimpanzees, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, hyenas, giant forest hogs, lions and leopards, as well as flora. The plots of these savannas alternate with the park savannas and border the banks of the rivers with gallery forests. Oba hills forest reserve, located in osun state of nigeria. Constraints to forest policy implementation in the.
This paper examines the depletion of nigerias natural forest resources consequent upon exploitation without adequate conservation. This most times result in ground forest fires, surface fires and eventually wild crown forest fires okiwelu and anyanwu, 2003. Welcome on board buddies, we will quickly be looking at the names and types of forest found in nigeria and some interesting thing you need to know about these forests. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast. If other types of ownership are reported, please specify details in. Sample plots of 100 by 100 m 2 were demarcated in each of the selected sites, and were subdivided into smaller unit of 25m by 25m, out of which five temporary sample plots were randomly. Nigeria has had forestry and naturalresource conservation laws since the. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma j. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in meeting the. Forest area as a share of land area of nigeria fell gradually from 15.
Once a rich mixture of tropical forest and savanna woodland covered these low, rolling hills but today this is one of the most densely populated areas of africa. Urhonigbe forest reserve is constituted and gazetted. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, martin cheek and others published the forests of taraba and adamawa states, nigeria. The forest types are mangrove, freshwater swamp, lowland rain forest, riparian, and montane forests respectively. Nigeria s forests can be divided into two principal categories. The rainforest in nigeria is built of highmountainous multitiered tropical forests, which contain trees of 4045 meters.
Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in falgore. This page shows the location of nigeria on a detailed satellite map. The population of nigeria is estimated to be 90 million 1991 census. The high forests is the main sources of logs in nigeria as. Location of high forest monitoring plots within the rainforest of southern nigeria location number of plots year of establishment years of remeasurement 1 omo sawmill sector 10 1985 1987 2 omo abeku sector 16 1985 1987,1997,2000 3 oban east 10 1987 1989. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. Nigeria forest information and data according to the u. Iita forest project is part of the renowned international institue of tropical agricultures natural resource management, and is located at iita international headquarters in ibadan, in the west of nigeria. A report on the forest resource situation assessment of nigeria. Nigeria is well endowed with forest resources, accounting for about 2.
Almost half of the territory of nigeria is occupied by a moist, socalled guinean highgrass savanna. Nigerias forest provides significant economic, social and ecological benefits for. It is located between latitudes 4 014 0 n and longitude 2 014 0 e. Equatorial rainforests, often considered the real rainforest, are characterized by more than 80 inches 2,000 mm of rain annually spread evenly throughout the year. Chapters 2 to 4 cover the detailed description of the dry forest vegetation types in subsaharan africa in terms of their characteristics, floristic diversity and. O2, 1department ofgeography and regional planning, university calabar, nigeria 2department of geography, islamic university in uganda, mbale, uganda corresponding author. It also includes inhabited enclaves within these forest. The specific objectives were to map the forest cover types of fgr in 1985. Geographic position of the country the dry region of nigeria lies between latitude n and 11s and longitude 4w and 14e. For example, 75% includes only areas with more than 75% tree cover, whereas 10% includes all areas with more than 10% tree cover.
The forest zone of west africa, in the strict sense, covers all of liberia and sierra leone, most of guinea, the southern halves of cote divoire and nigeria, and parts of ghana, togo and guineabissau. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest. It argues that it is ecologically unwise to clearfell reserves of native rain forest and replant them with monoculture tree plantations, especially. Pdf this paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria.
The four forest reserves represent 40% of the total number of the forest reserves and cover a land mass area of 99. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. The crossniger transition forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southeastern nigeria, located between the niger river on the west and the cross river on the east. Saline water swamp this type of vegetation is limited to the coastal strip of nigeria. Worried by the high rate of deforestation in the state and its negative consequences, some communities in cross river state have called for the adoption of forest governance as a way to tackle the. State of forest genetic resources in the dry north of nigeria. Land use decree, forest administration and governance. This west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna. Biomass and land use carbon emissions data for nigeria tree cover threshold is used for defining the tree cover area. In practice, modern or mechanical clearing is profoundly classified as total, selective and wind rowing fao, 20a.
From street and road map to highresolution satellite imagery of sambisa forest reserve. Carbon flow pattern in the forest zones of nigeria as influenced by. Bgb and carbon stocks for different forest types at cross river state. The loss of tropical moist forest is significant throughout west africa martin, 1991 but is particularly well advanced in nigeria. Timber organization itto 2011, nigeria has an estimated forest area of 4. The leading causes of forest clearance in nigeria includes. Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps, has generally been mapped from.
Once a rich mixture of tropical forest and savanna woodland covered these low, rolling hills but today this is one of the most densely populated areas of africa and today most of the forest has been removed and. As a result, many farmers from various communities in southern nigeria migrated to the new area oluwa forest. Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems for example, in fruit plantations and. Nigeria abstract this paper sets out to explore the effectiveness of forest conservation laws in nigeria. The numbers of ants collected per manhour per sampling occasion on the floor of the forest and fillow plots between december 1987 and june 1988. Nigerias forests may disappear by 2047 premium times nigeria. Afi river forest reserve, located in cross river state, nigeria. Nigeria, with the fourth highest deforestation rate in the world having lost above 3.
Nigeria has eight national parks and game reserves spread throughout the country. Most of the vegetation is typical of the sudanian savanna although, because of human activity, some parts have become more like the sahel savanna. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross river. It is probable that less than 10 per cent of the original forest cover remains in nigeria, although as elsewhere estimates vary greatly and adequate national resource surveys are lacking. The forest vegetation in nigeria can be subdivided into three smaller zones. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. However, the forest is known to produce many other products, which are used widely in many fields though their consumption and trade are not appreciated. O2 1deprtment of biological sciences, ondostate university of science and technology, okitipupa, nigeria 2department of forest resources management, university. With a focus on five communities that the forest reserve cuts across, both primary and secondary data were derived and analysed using simple descriptive statistics.
The grass reaches a great height, in which not only a man, but also. Pdf nigerian forestry, wildlife and protected areas. Southern nigeria this west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna. World bank urges nigeria to protect forest the guardian. Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises. State of forest t genetic resources in nigeria 3 disclaimer the current publication state of the forest genetic resources in the dry north of nigeria.
The cross river national park is located in southeast nigeria. Unfortunately, this rich vegetation continues to decline at an alarming rate. This paper examines the depletion of nigeria s natural forest resources consequent upon exploitation without adequate conservation. Ants of forest and fallow plots in nigeria 97 table 3. Nigeria, like the rest of west africa and other tropical lands, has only two seasons. Local peoples perception of forest resources conservation in ekiti state, nigeria 4 two types of forest reserves. Status report article pdf available in biodiversity 1. Constraints to forest policy implementation in the southwest nigeria. The parks make up about 3 percent of nigerias total land area.