Nigeria is the most populous country in africa and has highly diverse forest ecosystems. This research was carried out to determine the tree species composition, relative density and dominance, richness. Between 1990 and 2010, nigeria lost an average of 409,650 ha or 2. The high forests is the main sources of logs in nigeria as cited by kio in 1983. Among the forest products, timber is regarded as the major forest product in nigeria. Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps, has generally been mapped from.
Kolade adeyoju department of forestry, university of ibadan the forest resources of nigeria abstract forestry offers challenging prospects, both for economic growth and social development. Nigeria, with the fourth highest deforestation rate in the world having lost above 3. Diversity of fruit trees and frugivores in a nigerian montane forest and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma, j. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, martin cheek and others published the forests of taraba and adamawa states, nigeria. Study area this study was carried out in ondo state, which is one of the states in the defunct western state of nigeria. The okwangwo division the focus of this paper is km 2 in extent, comprising the former boshi, okwangwo and boshi extension forest reserves. Constraints to forest policy implementation in the. This most times result in ground forest fires, surface fires and eventually wild crown forest fires okiwelu and anyanwu, 2003.
Consisting of two divisions, oban in the south and okwangwo in the north, it covers a total area of approximately 4000 km 2. Diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species as. The forest types are mangrove, freshwater swamp, lowland rain forest, riparian, and montane forests respectively. The population of nigeria is estimated to be 90 million 1991 census. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. If other types of ownership are reported, please specify details in. In order to examine the effects of forest resources exploitation on the economic wellbeing of rural households, in delta state, nigeria, data were collected from 306 households in 12 rural communities in ughelli south local government area. Carbon flow pattern in the forest zones of nigeria as influenced by. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma j.
Tree species diversity analysis of kogo forest reserve in northwestern nigeria bello, a. It also examines plantation forestry as the governments strategy for replenishing the countrys lumber resources. A pathway for rural poverty reduction in nigeria paul onuche department of geography benue state university, makurdi, nigeria email. Edumanom forest reserve, located in niger delta region of southeast nigeria. Location of high forest monitoring plots within the rainforest of southern nigeria location number of plots year of establishment years of remeasurement 1 omo sawmill sector 10 1985 1987 2 omo abeku sector 16 1985 1987,1997,2000 3 oban east 10 1987 1989. Department of forestry and wildlife, faculty of agriculture, university of benin, benin city, nigeria. As indicated in table 1, eight countries accounting for about 16% of the land area of africa has nearly 43% of the total african forests. World bank urges nigeria to protect forest the guardian. The specific objectives were to map the forest cover types of fgr in 1985. Nigeria s forests can be divided into two principal categories. O2 1deprtment of biological sciences, ondostate university of science and technology, okitipupa, nigeria 2department of forest resources management, university. The leading causes of forest clearance in nigeria includes. On the other hand, central africa with 44% of the land under forests is the most forested subregion. O2, 1department ofgeography and regional planning, university calabar, nigeria 2department of geography, islamic university in uganda, mbale, uganda corresponding author.
Nigeria is one of the countries in the west africa subregion. Once a rich mixture of tropical forest and savanna woodland covered these low, rolling hills but today this is one of the most densely populated areas of africa and today most of the forest has been removed and. Nigeria forest information and data according to the u. It also includes inhabited enclaves within these forest. The sambisa forest is one of the few forests in north eastern nigeria where sparse vegetation is the norm. Logging effects on nontimber forest products nftps. Oluwa forest reserve is located in southwestern nigeria. The plots of these savannas alternate with the park savannas and border the banks of the rivers with gallery forests. Most of the vegetation is typical of the sudanian savanna although, because of human activity, some parts have become more like the sahel savanna. Therefore, in areas of forest vegetation, you are bound to find the trees in almost every corner. Local peoples perception of forest resources conservation in ekiti state, nigeria 4 two types of forest reserves. Deforestation and greening the nigerian environment. There are also more specific types of forests within these larger regions.
The numbers of ants collected per manhour per sampling occasion on the floor of the forest and fillow plots between december 1987 and june 1988. State of forest t genetic resources in nigeria 3 disclaimer the current publication state of the forest genetic resources in the dry north of nigeria. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. On the heels of president muhammadu buhari ratifying the paris agreement on climate change last week, the world bank has charged nigeria to protect its remaining rainforest in cross river state. The rainforest in nigeria is built of highmountainous multitiered tropical forests, which contain trees of 4045 meters. Plantation forestry and forest conservation in nigeria. Nigerias forest provides significant economic, social and ecological benefits for. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in. Pdf nigerian forestry, wildlife and protected areas. Over the years, there has being deliberation over the way forest are becoming residential area and bushes are fast becoming roads and hospital all because. Tree species composition in selected sacred forests in nigeria.
Nigerias forests may disappear by 2047 premium times nigeria. From street and road map to highresolution satellite imagery of sambisa forest reserve. The results showed that income from forest resources exploitation contributed 41. Three communities surrounding each forest reserve at a radius of about 5 km were randomly selected and 20. Often, however, its manysided developmental role is appreciated insufficiently. Nigeria has had forestry and naturalresource conservation laws since the. Types of forest found in nigeria and name information. This page shows the location of nigeria on a detailed satellite map.
Collectively they contain an abundant diversity of fauna like buffaloes, roan antelopes, chimpanzees, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, hyenas, giant forest hogs, lions and leopards, as well as flora. Nigeria has eight national parks and game reserves spread throughout the country. Pdf the forests of taraba and adamawa states, nigeria. Human population densities everywhere are extremely high, and little or no natural vegetation remains in most areas. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross. Land use decree, forest administration and governance. Nigerias forests can be divided into two principal categories. The high forests is the main sources of logs in nigeria as. In early 1990s, government opened part of oluwa forest reserve for interested persons for cultivation. Sample plots of 100 by 100 m 2 were demarcated in each of the selected sites, and were subdivided into smaller unit of 25m by 25m, out of which five temporary sample plots were randomly.
This paper examines the depletion of nigerias natural forest resources consequent upon exploitation without adequate conservation. Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast. The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the sahara desert, locally known as harmattan, or by its main name, the tropical continental ct airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south. Afi river forest reserve, located in cross river state, nigeria.
For example, 75% includes only areas with more than 75% tree cover, whereas 10% includes all areas with more than 10% tree cover. Nigeria, like the rest of west africa and other tropical lands, has only two seasons. Assessing the impacts of tenure practices on forest. The problems of deforestation in nigerias national parks and forest reserves. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. Urhonigbe forest reserve is constituted and gazetted. This study was carried out to assess the abundance and diversity of tree species and arthropods in different forest vegetation types mangrove, rainforest and derived savannah of ondo state, nigeria. The loss of tropical moist forest is significant throughout west africa martin, 1991 but is particularly well advanced in nigeria.
Basel mission archives mission 21 missionsstrasse 21 ch4003 basel switzerland tel. The four forest reserves represent 40% of the total number of the forest reserves and cover a land mass area of 99. Saline water swamp this type of vegetation is limited to the coastal strip of nigeria. Equatorial rainforests, often considered the real rainforest, are characterized by more than 80 inches 2,000 mm of rain annually spread evenly throughout the year. Chapters 2 to 4 cover the detailed description of the dry forest vegetation types in subsaharan africa in terms of their characteristics, floristic diversity and. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest. Iita forest project is part of the renowned international institue of tropical agricultures natural resource management, and is located at iita international headquarters in ibadan, in the west of nigeria. It is probable that less than 10 per cent of the original forest cover remains in nigeria, although as elsewhere estimates vary greatly and adequate national resource surveys are lacking. The crossniger transition forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southeastern nigeria, located between the niger river on the west and the cross river on the east. The iita forest reserve is one of the few remaining forested areas in western nigeria. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross river. They are mahoganies, walnuts, irokos, oil palms, rubber trees, and obeche trees.
Once a rich mixture of tropical forest and savanna woodland covered these low, rolling hills but today this is one of the most densely populated areas of africa. The grass reaches a great height, in which not only a man, but also. As a result, many farmers from various communities in southern nigeria migrated to the new area oluwa forest. Pdf this paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria. However, the forest is known to produce many other products, which are used widely in many fields though their consumption and trade are not appreciated. Nigeria abstract this paper sets out to explore the effectiveness of forest conservation laws in nigeria. In cross river state, the government had banned logging for over five years due to carbon credit economy on green economy yet the daily loss of primary forest is unprecedented. Unfortunately the few protected areas mainly forest reserves in this ecoregion. Constraints to forest policy implementation in the southwest nigeria. Worried by the high rate of deforestation in the state and its negative consequences, some communities in cross river state have called for the adoption of forest governance as a way to tackle the. Southern nigeria this west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna.
Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in falgore. The cross river national park is located in southeast nigeria. Unfortunately, this rich vegetation continues to decline at an alarming rate. This west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna. State of forest genetic resources in the dry north of nigeria. The relationships between fortysix samples of nigerian high forest were assessed by principal components analysis of preexploitation enumeration data. This group of products includes all biological materials other. Oba hills forest reserve, located in osun state of nigeria. Forestry for sustainable development in nigeria 14 depend on importation of wood and wood products, plunging the country in to imbalance trade depleting the nations foreign reserve. Forest area as a share of land area of nigeria fell gradually from 15. A report on the forest resource situation assessment of nigeria.
The forest vegetation in nigeria can be subdivided into three smaller zones. Status report article pdf available in biodiversity 1. Thus, this paper set as its objectives, to assess the impact of population pressure on the forest stock of gelegele reserve. Pdf forestry for sustainable development in nigeria. Therefore, the focus of this research work is to assess the diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species in different forest ecosystems mangrove, rainforest, and derived savannah of ondo state. Forest vegetation have trees as their most dominant feature. It is located between latitudes 4 014 0 n and longitude 2 014 0 e. Bgb and carbon stocks for different forest types at cross river state. Geographic position of the country the dry region of nigeria lies between latitude n and 11s and longitude 4w and 14e.
Almost half of the territory of nigeria is occupied by a moist, socalled guinean highgrass savanna. The forest zone of west africa, in the strict sense, covers all of liberia and sierra leone, most of guinea, the southern halves of cote divoire and nigeria, and parts of ghana, togo and guineabissau. It argues that it is ecologically unwise to clearfell reserves of native rain forest and replant them with monoculture tree plantations, especially. Welcome on board buddies, we will quickly be looking at the names and types of forest found in nigeria and some interesting thing you need to know about these forests. Nigeria is well endowed with forest resources, accounting for about 2.
Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. The forest consists of a mixture of open woodland and sections of very dense vegetation of short trees about two metres high and thorny. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem. The fate of a tropical rainforest in nigeria 119 table 1. Timber organization itto 2011, nigeria has an estimated forest area of 4. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in meeting the. Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems for example, in fruit plantations and. Biomass and land use carbon emissions data for nigeria tree cover threshold is used for defining the tree cover area.